Understanding the basic comma rules
Before discussing how to avoid common comma mistakes, it’s important to understand the basic rules for comma usage in English. Commas are punctuation marks that are used to separate different parts of a sentence. They help provide clarity and flow when reading. Some of the most common uses of commas include:
- Separating items in a list (e.g. apples, oranges, bananas)
- Setting off non-restrictive elements in a sentence (e.g. John, who loves fishing, went to the lake)
- Separating independent clauses joined by coordinating conjunctions (e.g. I went to the store, and I bought groceries)
Understanding when and where to place commas based on these basic rules is key to avoiding errors.
Common comma mistakes to avoid
Once you understand the basic rules, here are some of the most common comma mistakes to watch out for:
Missing commas in a list
Leaving out commas between items in a list can make the meaning ambiguous. For example, “I went to the store and bought apples oranges and bananas” is unclear, since it’s missing commas between the items.
Overusing commas in compound sentences
When joining two complete thoughts with a conjunction like “and”, only use a comma before the conjunction if both parts can stand alone as sentences. For example, “I went to the store, and I bought groceries” is correct, but “I went to the store and, I saw a friend” is incorrect.
Not separating non-restrictive elements
Elements like extra information in parentheses or that clauses should be set off by commas to avoid confusion. For example, it’s “John, my friend, went fishing” not “John my friend went fishing”.
Practicing makes perfect
The best way to truly master comma usage is to carefully proofread your own writing and those of others. Pay attention to places that may be unclear or cause pause, and check if a comma is needed. With regular practice of both writing and editing, proper comma placement will become second nature.
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